HmW-¡-Y-IÄ ]e-hn[w
HmWw koXm-tZ-hn-bpsS ]nd-óm-fm-tLmjw! A§-s\bpw Hcp HmW-s¸-cp-a. \½-fmcpw tI«n-«p-ïm-hn-sï-¦nepw kmbv]v ]d-bp-óp. F´n-\p-ta-Xn\pw kmbv]nsâ hm¡m-Wtïm \ap¡v {]am-Ww.
koX-bpsS kz´w \msSóv hmðaoIn ]d-bpó anYn-e-bn-tem, koXsb acp-a-I-fmbn kzoI-cn¨ Atbm-[y-bntem koXbpsS ]nd-óm-fm-tLm-j-an-ï. ]nsó-sb-§s\ In«n tIc-fo-bÀ¡v C§-s\-sbmcp ]nd-ómÄ? sIm¨n-bnð U¨p-Im-cp-ïm-bn-cpó Ime¯v Ah-cpsS ]Ån-bnse ]ptcm-ln-X-\m-bn-cpó ImâÀhnjÀ Xsâ \m«p-Imsc FgpXn Adn-bn-¨p-t]m-epw: "BKkvXv amk-¯nse HmWw {iocm-asâ `mcy koX-bpsS Pò-Zn-h-k-am-Wv. NneÀ AXv \mep-Zn-hkw BtLm-jn-¡p-óp; aäp-Nn-eÀ¡v Ggp-Zn-h-ks¯ BtLm-j-am-Wv. AhÀ ho«p-ap-ä¯v a®p-sImïv Hcp sNdnb Iq¼m-c-ap-ïm-¡p-óp. AXn³tað NmWIw sagpIn ]q¡Ä hnX-dp-óp. hnjvWp-hnsâ _nw_-¯n\v ]pXp-hkv{XapSp-¸n-¡p-óp. hnjvWp-hnsâ CjvS-`-£-W-amb tX§m-apdn ASp-¯p-sh-¡póp Xncp-thm-W \mfnð aÕyw hÀÖn-¡p-óp. taðPm-Xn-¡mÀ Ah-cpsS ]Wn-¡mÀ¡v hkv{X-§Ä k½m-\n-¡p-óp'. (sI.]n. ]Xva\m` tat\m³ FUnäv sNbvXv {]kn-²o-I-cn¨ hnj-dpsS I¯p-I-fnð \nóv. \mem-as¯ I¯v-þ-t]-Pvþ12)
hnjÀ kmbv]n\v Ft´m sXäv ]än-bn-«p-ïv. AY-hm, Btcm sXän-²-cn-¸n-¨n-«p-ïv. Aôp-hÀj-¡m-eta hnjÀ sIm¨n-bnð Dïm-bn-cp-óp-Åq. (1717þ1723) C{Xbpw Npcp-§nb ImewsImïv sIm¨n-¡m-cpsS kIe Ncn-{Xhpw a\-Ên-em-¡Ww Fón-ï-tïm.
"ae-_m-dnse {_mlvaW-cpsS {][m-\-ssZhw ]c-{_-Ò-am-Wv. ]c-{_-Ò-¯n\v aqóp a¡-fp-ïv. AXp-sIm-ïmWv {_mÒ-WÀ aqóv Nc-Sp-IÄ ]ncn¨v ]qWp-\qð Dïm-¡p-ó-Xv.' Fóv Fgp-Xn-sh¨ Hcp kmbv]p-ïv-þ-U-¨p-Im-c-\mWv Abm-fpw. t]cv Iym]vä³ \yqlm-^v. ]Xn-t\gmw \qäm-ïn-emWv At±lw ae-_m-dnð hó-Xv. "EtKzZw apXð HmW-¸m-«p-IÄh-sc'-bpÅ {Xnhn-{I-a-þ-_en"an¯n'sâ hnImk ]cn-Wm-a-§Ä' ]cn-tim-[n-¡pó tUm. sI.Sn. chn-hÀ½, ]ß\m` tat\m³ hgn, ImâÀ hnj-dn-se-¯p-ó-Xnð Hcp kwi-bw: ]ß-\m` tat\msâ sIm¨n-cm-Py-N-cn-{X-¯nð hnjsd ]cm-aÀin-¨-tijw HmW-s¯-¡p-dn¨v ]d-bp-óXv C§-s\-b-ï.
"HmW-¯n\v alm-_-en-bpsS hc-hns\ ]mÀ¯v Xr¡m-¡c A¸s\ sh¨v ]qPn-¡p-Ibpw HmWw \mep-Zn-h-khpw Fïm hoSp-I-fnepw kZy Ign-¡bpw X§Ä¡v thïn-bp-Å-hÀ¡v HmW-t¡mSn k½m-\n-¡p-Ibpw ae-bmfw AS-¨pÅ BNm-c-am-Wv.' (sIm¨n cmPy-N-cn-{Xw-þ-t]Pv 646)]s¯m-¼Xmw \qäm-ïnse sIm¨n-sb-¡p-dn-s¨-gp-Xnb {^m³knkv sUbpsS Adnhv HmW-¡m-e¯v alm-hnjvWp Cu\mSv kµÀin-¡póp Fóm-Wv. alm-_-en-sb-¡p-dn¨v Hóp-a-dn-bn-ï. AXv sIm¨n-¡m-cyw. ae-_m-dn-s\-¡p-dn¨v Bg-¯nð ]Tn-s¨-gp-Xnb Ie-IvSÀ temK³, ae-bm-fn-IÄ HmW-\m-fnð alm-_-ensb HmÀ¡póp Fóv ]d-bp-óp. ]s£, Aós¯ hninjvS kµÀi-I³ alm-_-en-b-ï, hnjvWp-hm-Wv. AYhm ]c-ip-cm-a³. D¯-c-a-e-_m-dnð \oïImew Xma-kn-¡p-Ibpw Fïm hn`m-K-¯nepw s]« Bfp-I-fp-ambn ASp¯v CS-]-g-Ip-Ibpw sNbvX tUm. slÀ½³ KpïÀ«v, ]c-ip-cm-asâ BK-a-t\m-Õ-h-amWv ae-bm-fn-I-fpsS HmW-saóv tcJ-s¸-Sp-¯n-bn-cn-¡p-óp. ae-_m-dnð A§-s\-sbmcp hnizm-k-ap-ïm-bn-cpóp Fóv tXmóp-óp. "tIc-f-am-lmßyw' Cu hnizm-ks¯ km[q-I-cn-¡p-óp.
"]m¡-\mÀs¯mÅm-bncw' Fsómcp ]m«p-Im-hy-ap-ïv. HmWm-tLm-j-amWv {]Xn-]m-Zyw. hnjvWp cmPy-{`jvS\m¡nb amth-en-a-ó³ Bïn-sem-cn-¡ð Xsâ \mSv ImWm³ hcpóp Fópw B Znh-k-amWv HmW-ambn sImïm-Sp-ó-sX-óp-amWv ]m¡-\mÀ ]mSp-ó-Xv. "amthen \mSp-hm-WoSpw Imet¯Xp-am-Xncn am\p-j-sc-ïm-hcpw' Ató-Zn-h-k-sa-¦nepw Ign-b-W-saóv hnjvWp Bh-iy-s¸-«p-t]m-epw. ]d-bn-s]ä ]´n-cp-Ip-e-¯nse ]m¡-\m-sc-¡p-dn¨v \ap-¡-dn-bmw. apf-sImïv apdhpw aäpw sI«n-bp-ïm¡n hoSp-tXmdpw \S-óp-hnä ]m¡-\mÀ Xsó-bmtWm Cu "sXmÅm-bn-c'-¯nsâ IÀ¯mhv? sIm¨n¡pw tImgn-t¡m-Sn-\p-an-S-bnð 1584þ1631 Ime¯v {InkvXp-a-X-{]-N-cWw \S-¯n-hó t]mÀ¯p-Kokv anj-Wdn tP¡_v s^\n-tjym-bmWv "]m¡-\mÀ sXmÅm-bn-c-'s¯-¡p-dn¨v ]d-bp-ó-Xv. A[nIw ]g-¡-anï Cu IrXn¡v Fóv alm-Ihn DÅqÀ. AXv F§-s\-bm-bn-cp-óm-epw, Cóv \ap-¡-dn-bm-hpó HmWm-Ka IY ]Xn-\mdmw \qäm-ïnð {]Nm-c-¯n-ep-ïm-bn-cpóp Fóv A\p-am-\n-¡m³ s^\n-tjym-bpsS hnh-cWw klm-bn-¡p-óp.
\ap¡v kp]-cn-Nn-X-amb Hcp amth-en-¸m-«p-ïv: ]mSn-¸-Xnª B ]m«v C§s\ XpS-§p-óp:
"amthen \mSp-hm-WoSpw Imew/am\p-j-sc-ïm-cp-sam-óp-t]mse/ZpjvSsc I¬sImïp Im¬am-\nï/`qtem-I-sam-s¡-bp-sam-óp-t]mse/B kp-hÀ®-Imew F§s\ ]cn-hÀ¯-\-s¸«p? "A¡m-e-a-s§mcp D®n-bmbn/amth-en-X-tómSv tNmZn-¡póp ap¸nSn as®-\n-¡m-i-bpïmw/ap¸nSn a®p-a-f-óp-sImÄI.'amthen k½-Xn-¨p. AXp-{]-Imcw Af-só-Sp-¯Xv aqóp-tem-I-hpw. amthen ]pd-¯m-bn.
"amthen a®p-t]-£n-¨-tijw/am[-h³ \mSp-hm-WoSpw Imew/amth-entbmWw apS-§n-btïm'/ AXp-Iïv amthen hnjvWp-hns\ tNmZyw sN¿p-óp:' A½m-hs\ sIme-sN-bvX-ht\ a®-f-sósó NXn-¨-ht\/ FópsS `qanbS¡w hm§n/Rm\p-t]-£n-¨p-t]m-b-tijw/am\p-j-scms¡ he-ªp-t]mbn/C§-s\-bm-Ip-hm-s\-´p-aqew?' amth-en-bpsS hnNm-cW hnjvWp-hns\ Atem-k-c-s¸-Sp-¯n. hnjvWp ]d-ªp: "tJZn-¡-thïm \osbm-óp-sImïpw/Ime-sam-cm-ïn-semcpZnh-kw/am\p-jsc hóp-Iïp sImÄhn³/Nn§-am-k-¯nse HmW-¯p-ómÄ/`wKym-h-cn-sI-ó-cpfns¨bvXp.'
AXp-{]-Imcw hóp-sIm-tï-bn-cn-¡p-óp. Ató-Zn-hkw atlm-Õ-h-sam-cp¡n Hcp I_-fn-¸n-¡ð! Xsâ {]P-IÄ k´p-jvScpw kwXr-]vX-cp-am-sWóv sXän-²-cn¨v a\w IpfnÀ¯v aS-§n-t¸m-Ip-óp. ]mhw amthen!
HmWw koXm-tZ-hn-bpsS ]nd-óm-fm-tLmjw! A§-s\bpw Hcp HmW-s¸-cp-a. \½-fmcpw tI«n-«p-ïm-hn-sï-¦nepw kmbv]v ]d-bp-óp. F´n-\p-ta-Xn\pw kmbv]nsâ hm¡m-Wtïm \ap¡v {]am-Ww. koX-bpsS kz´w \msSóv hmðaoIn ]d-bpó anYn-e-bn-tem, koXsb acp-a-I-fmbn kzoI-cn¨ Atbm-[y-bntem koXbpsS ]nd-óm-fm-tLm-j-an-ï. ]nsó-sb-§s\ In«n tIc-fo-bÀ¡v C§-s\-sbmcp ]nd-ómÄ? sIm¨n-bnð U¨p-Im-cp-ïm-bn-cpó Ime¯v Ah-cpsS ]Ån-bnse ]ptcm-ln-X-\m-bn-cpó ImâÀhnjÀ Xsâ \m«p-Imsc FgpXn Adn-bn-¨p-t]m-epw: "BKkvXv amk-¯nse HmWw {iocm-asâ `mcy koX-bpsS Pò-Zn-h-k-am-Wv. NneÀ AXv \mep-Zn-hkw BtLm-jn-¡p-óp; aäp-Nn-eÀ¡v Ggp-Zn-h-ks¯ BtLm-j-am-Wv. AhÀ ho«p-ap-ä¯v a®p-sImïv Hcp sNdnb Iq¼m-c-ap-ïm-¡p-óp. AXn³tað NmWIw sagpIn ]q¡Ä hnX-dp-óp. hnjvWp-hnsâ _nw_-¯n\v ]pXp-hkv{XapSp-¸n-¡p-óp. hnjvWp-hnsâ CjvS-`-£-W-amb tX§m-apdn ASp-¯p-sh-¡póp Xncp-thm-W \mfnð aÕyw hÀÖn-¡p-óp. taðPm-Xn-¡mÀ Ah-cpsS ]Wn-¡mÀ¡v hkv{X-§Ä k½m-\n-¡p-óp'. (sI.]n. ]Xva\m` tat\m³ FUnäv sNbvXv {]kn-²o-I-cn¨ hnj-dpsS I¯p-I-fnð \nóv. \mem-as¯ I¯v-þ-t]-Pvþ12)
hnjÀ kmbv]n\v Ft´m sXäv ]än-bn-«p-ïv. AY-hm, Btcm sXän-²-cn-¸n-¨n-«p-ïv. Aôp-hÀj-¡m-eta hnjÀ sIm¨n-bnð Dïm-bn-cp-óp-Åq. (1717þ1723) C{Xbpw Npcp-§nb ImewsImïv sIm¨n-¡m-cpsS kIe Ncn-{Xhpw a\-Ên-em-¡Ww Fón-ï-tïm.
"ae-_m-dnse {_mlvaW-cpsS {][m-\-ssZhw ]c-{_-Ò-am-Wv. ]c-{_-Ò-¯n\v aqóp a¡-fp-ïv. AXp-sIm-ïmWv {_mÒ-WÀ aqóv Nc-Sp-IÄ ]ncn¨v ]qWp-\qð Dïm-¡p-ó-Xv.' Fóv Fgp-Xn-sh¨ Hcp kmbv]p-ïv-þ-U-¨p-Im-c-\mWv Abm-fpw. t]cv Iym]vä³ \yqlm-^v. ]Xn-t\gmw \qäm-ïn-emWv At±lw ae-_m-dnð hó-Xv. "EtKzZw apXð HmW-¸m-«p-IÄh-sc'-bpÅ {Xnhn-{I-a-þ-_en"an¯n'sâ hnImk ]cn-Wm-a-§Ä' ]cn-tim-[n-¡pó tUm. sI.Sn. chn-hÀ½, ]ß\m` tat\m³ hgn, ImâÀ hnj-dn-se-¯p-ó-Xnð Hcp kwi-bw: ]ß-\m` tat\msâ sIm¨n-cm-Py-N-cn-{X-¯nð hnjsd ]cm-aÀin-¨-tijw HmW-s¯-¡p-dn¨v ]d-bp-óXv C§-s\-b-ï.
"HmW-¯n\v alm-_-en-bpsS hc-hns\ ]mÀ¯v Xr¡m-¡c A¸s\ sh¨v ]qPn-¡p-Ibpw HmWw \mep-Zn-h-khpw Fïm hoSp-I-fnepw kZy Ign-¡bpw X§Ä¡v thïn-bp-Å-hÀ¡v HmW-t¡mSn k½m-\n-¡p-Ibpw ae-bmfw AS-¨pÅ BNm-c-am-Wv.' (sIm¨n cmPy-N-cn-{Xw-þ-t]Pv 646)]s¯m-¼Xmw \qäm-ïnse sIm¨n-sb-¡p-dn-s¨-gp-Xnb {^m³knkv sUbpsS Adnhv HmW-¡m-e¯v alm-hnjvWp Cu\mSv kµÀin-¡póp Fóm-Wv. alm-_-en-sb-¡p-dn¨v Hóp-a-dn-bn-ï. AXv sIm¨n-¡m-cyw. ae-_m-dn-s\-¡p-dn¨v Bg-¯nð ]Tn-s¨-gp-Xnb Ie-IvSÀ temK³, ae-bm-fn-IÄ HmW-\m-fnð alm-_-ensb HmÀ¡póp Fóv ]d-bp-óp. ]s£, Aós¯ hninjvS kµÀi-I³ alm-_-en-b-ï, hnjvWp-hm-Wv. AYhm ]c-ip-cm-a³. D¯-c-a-e-_m-dnð \oïImew Xma-kn-¡p-Ibpw Fïm hn`m-K-¯nepw s]« Bfp-I-fp-ambn ASp¯v CS-]-g-Ip-Ibpw sNbvX tUm. slÀ½³ KpïÀ«v, ]c-ip-cm-asâ BK-a-t\m-Õ-h-amWv ae-bm-fn-I-fpsS HmW-saóv tcJ-s¸-Sp-¯n-bn-cn-¡p-óp. ae-_m-dnð A§-s\-sbmcp hnizm-k-ap-ïm-bn-cpóp Fóv tXmóp-óp. "tIc-f-am-lmßyw' Cu hnizm-ks¯ km[q-I-cn-¡p-óp.
"]m¡-\mÀs¯mÅm-bncw' Fsómcp ]m«p-Im-hy-ap-ïv. HmWm-tLm-j-amWv {]Xn-]m-Zyw. hnjvWp cmPy-{`jvS\m¡nb amth-en-a-ó³ Bïn-sem-cn-¡ð Xsâ \mSv ImWm³ hcpóp Fópw B Znh-k-amWv HmW-ambn sImïm-Sp-ó-sX-óp-amWv ]m¡-\mÀ ]mSp-ó-Xv. "amthen \mSp-hm-WoSpw Imet¯Xp-am-Xncn am\p-j-sc-ïm-hcpw' Ató-Zn-h-k-sa-¦nepw Ign-b-W-saóv hnjvWp Bh-iy-s¸-«p-t]m-epw. ]d-bn-s]ä ]´n-cp-Ip-e-¯nse ]m¡-\m-sc-¡p-dn¨v \ap-¡-dn-bmw. apf-sImïv apdhpw aäpw sI«n-bp-ïm¡n hoSp-tXmdpw \S-óp-hnä ]m¡-\mÀ Xsó-bmtWm Cu "sXmÅm-bn-c'-¯nsâ IÀ¯mhv? sIm¨n¡pw tImgn-t¡m-Sn-\p-an-S-bnð 1584þ1631 Ime¯v {InkvXp-a-X-{]-N-cWw \S-¯n-hó t]mÀ¯p-Kokv anj-Wdn tP¡_v s^\n-tjym-bmWv "]m¡-\mÀ sXmÅm-bn-c-'s¯-¡p-dn¨v ]d-bp-ó-Xv. A[nIw ]g-¡-anï Cu IrXn¡v Fóv alm-Ihn DÅqÀ. AXv F§-s\-bm-bn-cp-óm-epw, Cóv \ap-¡-dn-bm-hpó HmWm-Ka IY ]Xn-\mdmw \qäm-ïnð {]Nm-c-¯n-ep-ïm-bn-cpóp Fóv A\p-am-\n-¡m³ s^\n-tjym-bpsS hnh-cWw klm-bn-¡p-óp.
\ap¡v kp]-cn-Nn-X-amb Hcp amth-en-¸m-«p-ïv: ]mSn-¸-Xnª B ]m«v C§s\ XpS-§p-óp:
"amthen \mSp-hm-WoSpw Imew/am\p-j-sc-ïm-cp-sam-óp-t]mse/ZpjvSsc I¬sImïp Im¬am-\nï/`qtem-I-sam-s¡-bp-sam-óp-t]mse/B kp-hÀ®-Imew F§s\ ]cn-hÀ¯-\-s¸«p? "A¡m-e-a-s§mcp D®n-bmbn/amth-en-X-tómSv tNmZn-¡póp ap¸nSn as®-\n-¡m-i-bpïmw/ap¸nSn a®p-a-f-óp-sImÄI.'amthen k½-Xn-¨p. AXp-{]-Imcw Af-só-Sp-¯Xv aqóp-tem-I-hpw. amthen ]pd-¯m-bn.
"amthen a®p-t]-£n-¨-tijw/am[-h³ \mSp-hm-WoSpw Imew/amth-entbmWw apS-§n-btïm'/ AXp-Iïv amthen hnjvWp-hns\ tNmZyw sN¿p-óp:' A½m-hs\ sIme-sN-bvX-ht\ a®-f-sósó NXn-¨-ht\/ FópsS `qanbS¡w hm§n/Rm\p-t]-£n-¨p-t]m-b-tijw/am\p-j-scms¡ he-ªp-t]mbn/C§-s\-bm-Ip-hm-s\-´p-aqew?' amth-en-bpsS hnNm-cW hnjvWp-hns\ Atem-k-c-s¸-Sp-¯n. hnjvWp ]d-ªp: "tJZn-¡-thïm \osbm-óp-sImïpw/Ime-sam-cm-ïn-semcpZnh-kw/am\p-jsc hóp-Iïp sImÄhn³/Nn§-am-k-¯nse HmW-¯p-ómÄ/`wKym-h-cn-sI-ó-cpfns¨bvXp.'
AXp-{]-Imcw hóp-sIm-tï-bn-cn-¡p-óp. Ató-Zn-hkw atlm-Õ-h-sam-cp¡n Hcp I_-fn-¸n-¡ð! Xsâ {]P-IÄ k´p-jvScpw kwXr-]vX-cp-am-sWóv sXän-²-cn¨v a\w IpfnÀ¯v aS-§n-t¸m-Ip-óp. ]mhw amthen!
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Narayan Periya
Well known writer and social activist
Well known writer and social activist
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Hcp "hnjp¡-Wn-'bpsS HmÀ½ bpàn`{Z-a-ñm¯ hne-bn-cp-¯ð "{Xnth-Wn-'bnse ]qacw sXcp-h¯v cma³ Dð]-Xn-jvWp-Xz-¯nsâ \nd-Zo]w cma-®ssd þIptd HmÀ½-IÄ t\Àtc-J-bn-eqsS kô-cn-¡p-t¼mÄ NÀ¨-bn-sem-Xp-§pó amen-\y-\nÀ½m-Ö\w "A]-c-eo-e-'bv¡-¸pdw